Finance & Business

Budgets, variance, margins, commissions, and invoices.

Subtract budget from actual to get variance in dollars, then divide by budget to get variance percent for any line item.

Divide profit by revenue to get profit margin — the share of every sale you actually keep — and avoid mixing it up with markup.

Add your payment terms to the invoice date — like =B2+30 for net-30 — to get due dates that update automatically.

One formula turns a start value, end value, and number of years into the steady annual growth rate — the honest way to compare growth.

Divide the gain by what you put in — (return − cost) / cost — to see how hard each dollar worked, as a clean percentage.

Revenue minus cost of goods gives gross profit in dollars; divide by revenue and you have the margin percentage in the next column.

Principal × rate × years gives the interest a simple-interest loan charges, and one more step gives the total you'll repay.

Divide total revenue by the number of orders to get AOV — with an IF guard so months with zero orders don't blow up in #DIV/0!.

Customers lost divided by customers at the start of the period gives your churn rate — and 1 minus churn gives retention.

Cash in the bank divided by monthly burn tells you how many months you can operate — with a guard for the happy case of zero burn.

Multiply each amount by an exchange rate stored in one $-anchored cell, so the whole column converts and updates from a single rate.

PMT returns the fixed monthly payment on a loan from the rate, term, and amount — the fast answer to what a loan costs per month.